Your eyes are one of your most valuable assets in your life. Because taking care of your eyes is so important, here are the Top 14 most commonly found problems people experience with their eyes. If you experience/face any of these issues, then please see an ophthalmologist as soon as possible before the condition goes out of your control and you loose your vision.
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Cataracts
It’s Characterized by a cloudy, milky white lens in the eye, most cataracts are age related and more commonly found in people after 50s (but can develop at any age). Cataracts can be the result of injury, UV exposure, or protein deterioration over time; this is what causes the eye’s lens to cloud. If these left untreated, cataracts can ultimately cause severe vision loss.
Treatment: Fortunately, cataracts are a common eye problem that can be treated through surgery. Whether surgery is needed or not it’s depends on the degree of vision loss and whether it affects your quality of life and ability to function.
Keratoconus
Usually, the cornea (the clear outer lens of the eye) has a dome shape, like a ball. Sometimes, the collagen which holds the cornea in place becomes weak, causing the cornea to become cone shaped. This condition is called keratoconus. This can lead serious loss of vision if not treated at the early stage and quickly. If left untreated, many people will need a cornea transplant.
Treatment: Treatment of Keratoconus usually starts with eyeglasses. Contact lenses, usually rigid gas permeable ones, may be recommended to strengthen the cornea and improve vision. In addition, cornea collagen cross-linking is often effective to help prevent progression, as well as intacs (implants placed under the surface of the cornea to reduce the cone shape and improve vision). A last resort is a cornea transplant.
Floaters
It occurs commonly among people over 50s, floaters are tiny spots or specks that float across the field of vision. Formed by a deposit of protein drifting about in the vitreous (the clear, jelly-like substance that fills the middle of the eye), floaters seem to drift in front of the eye but do not block vision. Usually benign, floaters sometimes can indicate a most serious eye problems such as retinal detachment, especially if they are accompanied by light flashes.
Treatment: If you notice a sudden change in the type or number of spots or flashes you see, visit your eye doctor as soon as possible.
Dry eyes
The condition known as “dry eyes” happens when tear glands cannot make enough tears or produce poor quality tears. Dry eyes can be uncomfortable, causing itching, burning and in some cases, some loss of vision.
Treatment: Your eye doctor may suggest using a humidifier in your home, special eye pills or drops that simulate real tears, or plugs placed in tear ducts to decrease tear drainage.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy occurs as a result of prolonged high blood sugar associated with types 1 and 2 diabetes and can lead to blindness if left untreated. Too much blood sugar can alter the blood vessels in the back of the eye, preventing the retina from receiving the proper amount of nutrients it needs to maintain vision. Anyone with diabetes type 1 or type 2 is at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. However, the type of diabetes a person has, how often their blood glucose fluctuates, how well they control their sugars, and how long they have had diabetes these all aspects affect his/her risk.
Treatment: In most of the cases, laser surgery can prevent significant vision loss associated with diabetic retinopathy. A procedure called laser photocoagulation can seal or destroy growing or leaking blood vessels in the retina.
Macular Degeneration
This leading cause of blindness is characterized by damage to the macula, the area of the retina that perceives light. Risk factors include in this are : age, smoking, female gender and family history. Unfortunately, there is no known cure for macular degeneration. However, present treatments can slow the progression of the disease.
Treatment: Age-related macular degeneration treatments can prevent severe vision loss or slow the progression of the disease substantially. Several treatment options are available which including:
Anti-angiogenic drugs: in this, Injected into the eye, these medications block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye.
Laser therapy: sometimes high energy laser light can be used to destroy actively growing abnormal blood vessels.
Photodynamic laser therapy: A two-step treatment in which a light-sensitive drug is used to damage the abnormal blood vessels. This medication is injected into the bloodstream to be absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels in the eye. A cold laser is then shone into the eye to activate the drug, damaging the abnormal blood vessels.
Vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, zinc and copper can decrease the risk of vision loss in certain patients with intermediate to advanced dry age related macular degeneration.
Refractive Errors
According to the National Eye Institute, refractive errors are the most frequent and common cause of vision problems. Refraction in the eye occurs when light passes through the cornea and the lens. Errors can occur as a result of the length of the eyeball, changes in the shape of the cornea or natural aging of the lens. Nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism are categorized by refractive errors.
Treatment: The most common forms of treatment are eyeglasses, contact lenses and surgery.
Presbyopia
It is the loss of the ability to clearly see small print or close objects. Part of the natural aging process of the eye, presbyopia is often confused with farsightedness but the two are completely different. Presbyopia occurs when the natural lens in the eye loses flexibility, while farsightedness occurs as a result of the natural shape of the eyeball, which causes light rays to bend incorrectly once they have entered the eye.
Treatment: Treatment options include wearing corrective lenses, getting lens implants or undergoing refractive surgery.
Tearing
If your eyes produce too many tears, this may indicate that your eyes are particularly sensitive to light, wind or temperature changes.
Treatment: Protecting your eyes by shielding them or wearing sunglasses can sometimes solve the problem. Tearing may also mean that you have a more serious problem, such as an eye infection or a blocked tear duct. Your eye doctor can treat or correct both of these conditions.
Treatment: These common eye problems can be cured or at least slowed if caught early by an eyecare professional
Glaucoma
Your eye is like a tire: Some pressure inside it is normal and safe. But levels that are too high can damage your optic nerve. Glaucoma is the name for a group of diseases that cause this condition.
A common form is primary open angle glaucoma. Most people who have this problem don’t have early symptoms or pain. So it’s important to keep up with your routine eye check ups.
It doesn’t happen often, but glaucoma can be caused by:
An injury to the eye
Blocked blood vessels
Inflammatory disorders of the eye
Treatment: includes prescription eye drops or surgery.
Corneal Diseases
The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped “window” at the front of your eye. It helps to focus the light that comes in. Disease, infection, injury, and exposure to toxins can damage it.
Signs of Corneal Disease include:
Red eyes
Watery eyes
Pain
Reduced vision, or a halo effect
Treatment : A new eyeglasses or contacts prescription, Medicated eye drops, or Surgery
Eyelid Problems
Your eyelids play a vital role for you. They protect your eye, spread tears over its surface, and limit the amount of light that can get in.
Pain, itching, tearing, and sensitivity to light are common symptoms of eyelid problems. You might also have blinking spasms or inflamed outer edges near your eyelashes.
Treatment: proper cleaning, medication, or surgery.
Night Blindness
Is it hard to see at night, especially while driving? Is it tough to find your way around in dark places, such as movie theaters?
That sounds like night blindness. It’s a symptom, not a problem in its own right. Nearsightedness, cataracts, keratoconus, and a lack of vitamin A all cause a type of night blindness that doctors can fix.
Some people are born with this problem, or it might develop from a degenerative disease involving the retina, and that usually can’t be treated. If you have it, you’ll need to be extra careful in areas of low light.
Eyestrain
Anyone who reads for hours, works at the computer, or drives long distances knows about this one. It happens when you overuse your eyes. They get tired and need to rest, just like any other part of your body.
If your eyes feel strained, give them some time off. If they’re still weary after a few days, check with your doctor to make sure it isn’t another problem.
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